Through this categorisation, the study finds that conservation, restoration and afforestation efforts targeting kelp and seaweed forests could result in the removal of tens of millions of CO2 per year globally, offering feasible climate mitigation actions.

Furthermore, it argues that kelp and seaweed forests in proximity to fjords, canyons, oceanic islands or the deep sea exhibit higher carbon sequestration potential. This is particularly evident in temperate regions where the cool nutrient-rich waters support the tallest forest growth and the most carbon fixation, it says.

As a result, polar and temperate countries that have yet to engage in blue carbon solutions may soon have the opportunity to do so – for instance, the study identifies the ‘Great Southern Reef’ along the Australian coastline and the underwater forests of Eastern Canadian Arctic, Norway, Chile and Japan as areas with high carbon sequestration potential.

Dr. Emily Pidgeon, Conservation International’s Lead for Oceans and co-author of the study, emphasised the urgent need for action: “Seaweed forests are disappearing at alarming rates in many parts of the world due to various human pressures, including nutrient pollution, marine heatwaves and ocean warming,” she said. “To prevent the loss of valuable carbon removal capacity from the ocean and to safeguard the numerous other benefits provided by seaweed forests, we must halt these declines.”

The findings of this study underscore the critical role that kelp and seaweed forests can play in addressing climate change. By recognising their carbon sequestration potential and implementing measures for their conservation, restoration and improved management, we can unlock a significant climate mitigation tool while preserving the multiple benefits these underwater forests offer to humanity.

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